What is a Colon Polyps?

A colon polyp is a small, abnormal growth that forms on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths are usually non-cancerous, but some can develop into cancer over time if not removed.

There are different types of polyps, and they vary in size and shape. While most polyps don’t cause harm, adenomatous polyps are the ones more likely to become cancerous.

During a colonoscopy, doctors can identify and remove polyps, helping to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Regular screenings are essential for detecting and removing polyps early, reducing the risk of developing colon cancer.

Symptoms of Colon Polyps

Some individuals may experience the following symptoms:

• Rectal Bleeding: Small amounts of blood in the stool or on toilet paper can occur if a polyp bleeds.
• Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, may be a sign of colon polyps.
• Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the abdomen, especially if it is persistent or worsens, can be associated with larger polyps.
• Anemia: Chronic bleeding from a polyp may lead to a decrease in red blood cells, causing fatigue and weakness.

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be related to various other conditions, and the presence of symptoms does not necessarily indicate the presence of colon polyps.

Causes of Colon Polyps

• Diets high in red and processed meats, low in fiber, and lacking certain nutrients may be linked to an increased risk of developing polyps.
• Lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption may contribute to the formation of colon polyps.
• Chronic inflammatory conditions of the colon, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may increase the risk.

Treatment of Colon Polyps

The two common methods for removing colon polyps are:

• Polypectomy: During a colonoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a small camera is inserted into the colon. If a polyp is detected, a small wire loop or snare is used to remove it.
• Surgery: In some cases, particularly if the polyp is large or can’t be removed during a colonoscopy, surgical intervention may be necessary. This involves the removal of a portion of the colon.

Dr. Kailash Mishra
Director & Gastroenterologist Consultant
Prime Gastro Liver Clinic