What is Eosinophilic Esophagitis?                        

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune system disease that affects the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It occurs when a type of white blood cell, called eosinophils, builds up in the lining of the esophagus, causing inflammation and damage over time.

This condition can lead to difficulties in swallowing and other uncomfortable symptoms. Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers are essential to adjust treatment and ensure the condition is managed effectively.

While EoE is a chronic condition, many individuals can successfully control symptoms and improve their quality of life with proper management strategies tailored to their specific triggers and needs.

Symptoms of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

People with EoE often experience difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), which can feel like food is stuck in the throat. They may also have

• Chest pain.
• Heartburn.
• Regurgitation (bringing food back up).
• Difficulty feeding in infants and toddlers.
• Some individuals may have food impaction, where solid food gets stuck in the esophagus.

Causes of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is thought to be caused by allergic reactions and immune responses to certain foods or airborne allergens. Genetics may also play a role, as the condition tends to run in families.

Common triggers include dairy, wheat, eggs, soy, and environmental allergens like pollen. When these allergies enter the body, they can provoke an immune reaction in the esophagus, leading to inflammation and the accumulation of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) in the esophageal tissue.

This chronic inflammation can result in symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and food impaction in some cases.

Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Managing EoE usually involves a combination of dietary changes and medication. Elimination diets, where trigger foods are removed from the diet, can help identify and avoid allergens that worsen symptoms.

This may be done under the guidance of an allergist or gastroenterologist. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or swallowed corticosteroids can reduce inflammation in the esophagus and alleviate symptoms.

In some cases, endoscopic procedures may be needed to stretch narrowed areas of the esophagus or remove food blockages.

Dr. Kailash Mishra
Director & Gastroenterologist Consultant
Prime Gastro Liver Clinic