What is Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the body has not enough normal red blood cells to deliver oxygen to other parts of the body. This can result in a feeling of being weak, tired, and short of breath.

This happens when the body produces too few red blood cells, loses them in excess, or destroys them faster than they can be replaced.

Causes of Anemia

A variety of factors can lead to anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is most common and is a result of a lack of iron in the body. This can occur due to a diet that is not rich in nutrients, heavy menstrual flow, or internal bleeding.

Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, chronic diseases, bone marrow diseases, and genetic diseases like sickle cell anemia are other potential causes.

Symptoms of Anemia

It can cause fatigue, weakness, pale appearance, dizziness, shortness of breath, and headaches. Others can experience chest pain, cold hands and feet, or an abnormal heart rhythm. It can lead to severe complications in extreme cases if not treated.

Who is at Risk?

People who do not eat enough foods that are good sources of iron, women with heavy menstrual flow, pregnant women, elderly individuals, and people with chronic illness like kidney disease are more prone to anemia. People with a history of blood disorders in their families are also at increased risk.

How is Anemia Diagnosed?

Physicians usually diagnose anemia using a blood test known as a complete blood count (CBC). This tests hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells. Additional tests can be conducted to find out what is causing anemia.

Treatment and Prevention of Anemia

Treatment depends on the cause and type of anemia. Iron supplements, vitamin B12 injections, and folic acid supplements are typical. Eating a balanced diet with foods like leafy greens, meat, eggs, and beans can avoid anemia. Blood transfusions or drugs to boost red blood cell production may be needed in severe anemia.

Dr. Kailash Mishra
Director & Gastroenterologist Consultant
Prime Gastro Liver Clinic