What is Jaundice in Adults?

Jaundice is a disease whereby the skin, and especially the eyes, turns yellow. This yellowing of skin comes due to the high concentration of bilirubin, a yellow pigment in blood.

The by-product from red blood cells is broken down into a certain pigment known as bilirubin. This normally gets processed in the liver but, if anything goes wrong, it starts building up in the body and hence causes jaundice.

Understanding its causes and symptoms can help in getting timely treatment. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you notice any signs of jaundice, especially yellowing of the eyes, as it could be a sign of a serious underlying health issue.

Causes of Jaundice in Adults

Jaundice in adults can have various causes. Some of the common causes include:

Liver Diseases: Conditions like hepatitis or cirrhosis can damage the liver, making it unable to process bilirubin properly. As a result, bilirubin builds up in the blood, leading to jaundice.

Gallstones: Gallstones can block the bile ducts, preventing bilirubin from being excreted from the body. This blockage can cause the eyes and skin to turn yellow.

Hemolytic Anemia: In this condition, red blood cells break down too quickly, leading to an excess of bilirubin. The liver may struggle to keep up with the processing, causing jaundice.

Pancreatic Cancer: Tumors in the pancreas can block the bile duct, leading to a buildup of bilirubin and jaundice.

Symptoms of Jaundice in Adults

The primary sign of jaundice is the yellowing of the eyes and skin. Other symptoms may include:

• Dark urine.
• Pale-colored stools.
• Itchy skin.
• Fatigue.
• Abdominal pain.

If you notice these symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor right away.

Diagnosis and Treatment Eye in Adults

To diagnose jaundice, doctors may perform blood tests, imaging tests like ultrasounds, or even a liver biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the jaundice. For example:

• Liver Disease: Treatment may involve medications or lifestyle changes.
• Gallstones: Surgery might be required to remove the stones.
• Infections: Antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection is the cause.

Dr. Kailash Mishra
Director & Gastroenterologist Consultant
Prime Gastro Liver Clinic