What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine, causing symptoms like cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation.  IBS doesn’t damage the intestines or lead to more serious diseases, but it can significantly impact daily life.

However, it can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, leading to discomfort and disruption of daily activities. It’s important for individuals with IBS to consult a doctor for their specific symptoms and needs.

Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) vary from person to person but commonly include:

• Bloating: Feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen due to gas buildup.
• Diarrhea: Frequent loose or watery stools, often accompanied by urgency to use the restroom.
• Constipation: Difficulty passing stools, which may be hard and lumpy.
• Changes in Bowel Habits: Sudden changes in how often you need to use the restroom or in the appearance of your stools.
• Gas: Excessive gas production leads to passing gas more frequently.
• Abdominal pain: This discomfort can range from mild to severe and may be relieved after a bowel movement.

Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Some of the common causes are as follows:

• Irregular contractions can cause food to move too quickly or too slowly through the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like diarrhea or constipation.
• Some individuals may have sensitivities or intolerances to certain foods, such as dairy, gluten, or high-fat foods, which can trigger IBS symptoms.
• A family history of IBS can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.

• Dietary Changes: Avoiding trigger foods such as dairy, spicy foods, and caffeine, and increasing fiber intake can help manage symptoms.
• Medications: Medicines can help control diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. Prescription medications may also be prescribed for severe symptoms.
• Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding large meals can help regulate bowel movements and reduce discomfort.

Dr. Kailash Mishra
Director & Gastroenterologist Consultant
Prime Gastro Liver Clinic